1. Cells: The Fundamental Units of Life 

2. Chemical Components of Cells 

3. Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis 

4. Protein Structure and Function 

5. DNA and Chromosomes 

6. DNA Replication and Repair 

7. From DNA to Protein: How Cells Read the Genome 

8. Control of Gene Expression 

9. How Genes and Genomes Evolve 

10. Analyzing the Structure and Function of Genes 

11. Membrane Structure 

12. Transport Across Cell Membranes 

13. How Cells Obtain Energy from Food 

14. Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts 

15. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Transport 

16. Cell Signaling 

17. Cytoskeleton 

18. The Cell Cycle 

19. Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 

20. Cell Communities: Tissues, Stem Cells, and Cancer